A Brief Primer Introduction To Brushed DC Motors

I-DC ebhulashiweInjini iwuhlobo oluvamile lwenjini olusebenza ngamandla kagesi aqondile (DC). Zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza, kusukela kuma-elekthronikhi amancane abathengi kuya emishinini emikhulu yezimboni. Kulesi sihloko esifushane sesingeniso, sizobheka kabanzi ukuthi ama-motor e-DC axutshwe nebhulashi asebenza kanjani, izingxenye zawo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zawo.

Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwe-Injini ye-haptic enobubanzi obungu-8mmkuhilela ukusebenzisana kwensimu yamagnetic kanye nogesi kagesi ukuze kukhiqizwe ukunyakaza. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemoto ye-DC ebhulashiwe zifaka i-stator, i-rotor, i-commutator kanye namabhulashi. I-stator yingxenye egxilile yemoto futhi iqukethe omazibuthe noma ama-electromagnetic coil ngaphakathi kwayo, kuyilapho i-rotor iyingxenye ejikelezayo yemoto futhi iqukethe i-armature. I-commutator iyiswishi ejikelezayo elawula ukugeleza kogesi kuya ku-armature, futhi amabhulashi axhumana ne-commutator ukuze adlulisele amandla ku-armature.

Uma ugesi usetshenziswa kunjini, kudalwa insimu yamagnetic ku-stator. Le nsimu yamagnetic isebenzisana nensimu yamagnetic ye-rotor, okwenza i-rotor ijikeleze. Uma i-rotor ijikeleza, i-commutator namabhulashi basebenza ndawonye ukushintsha njalo isiqondiso sogesi ogeleza nge-armature ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-rotor iyaqhubeka nokujikeleza ngendlela efanayo.

Isimiso Sokusebenza

Ukusebenza kwemoto ye-DC ebhulashiwe kusekelwe esimisweni esiyisisekelo sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamasimu kazibuthe. Lapho ugesi unikezwa kumoto, i-stator—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifakwe omazibuthe abangapheli noma amakhoyili kagesi—ikhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ezinzile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ugesi ugeleza ngokusebenzisa ama-armature windings ku-rotor, uguqula i-rotor ibe yi-electromagnet. Insimu kazibuthe ye-stator kanye nensimu kazibuthe ye-rotor ziyasebenzisana, zikhiqiza i-torque ejikelezayo (amandla e-Lorentz) ebangela ukuthi i-rotor ijikeleze.

Isici esibalulekile sokugcina ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo ohlangothini olufanayo ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-commutator namabhulashi. Njengoba i-rotor iphenduka, i-commutator—ingxenye yendandatho ehlukanisiwe enamathiselwe ku-rotor shaft—ijikeleza ndawonye. Amabhulashi, ngokuvamile enziwe nge-carbon noma i-graphite, agcina ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo nezingxenye ze-commutator. Njengoba i-rotor ifinyelela ezindaweni ezithile, i-commutator ishintsha isiqondiso somsinga ogeleza ngama-armature windings. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwamanje ngesikhathi esifanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-magnetic polarity ye-rotor maqondana ne-stator ihlala ihambisana, idala amandla okujikeleza aqhubekayo futhi ivimbele i-rotor ukuthi ingami noma ibuyele emuva.

Izici Zokusebenza

Ukusebenza kahle

Ukusebenza kahle kwama-motor e-DC axutshwe nge-brush kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomklamo wawo, usayizi, kanye nezimo zokusebenza. Ama-motor e-DC amancane axutshwe nge-brush, njengalawo asetshenziswa kuma-electronics asetshenziswa ngabathengi, ngokuvamile anebanga lokusebenza kahle elingu-50-70%, kuyilapho ama-motor amakhulu ezinga lezimboni angafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okufika ku-85% noma ngaphezulu. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kahle zifaka phakathi ukungqubuzana kwe-brush-commutator, ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kuma-windings e-armature, ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kuma-stator kanye nama-rotor cores, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwemishini (isb., ukungqubuzana kwama-bearing). Ukuguguleka kwebhulashi kanye nokuwohloka kwe-commutator ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nakho kungaholela ekwehleni kancane kancane kokusebenza kahle.

Ukuqina kanye Nesikhathi Sokuphila

Isikhathi sokuphila semoto ye-DC ebhulashiwe sinqunywa kakhulu ukuguguleka kwebhulashi kanye ne-commutator. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, amabhulashi angahlala noma kuphi kusukela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamahora, kuye ngezici ezifana nesivinini sokusebenza, umthwalo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nekhwalithi yebhulashi kanye nezinto zokuthutha. Ezisetshenzisweni zesivinini esikhulu noma zomthwalo omkhulu, ukuguguleka kwebhulashi kuyasheshiswa, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila semoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamabhulashi kanye ne-commutator kudala uthuli nokushisa, okungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwemoto kanye nokuqina kwayo uma kungaphathwa kahle.

Izicelo

Nakuba i-primer yokuqala ibhale ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile, ama-motor e-DC axutshwe ngebhulashi asetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi ngenxa yezici zawo ezihlukile.

Ama-elekthronikhi Abathengi

Ama-motor e-DC axutshwe kahle atholakala kakhulu kuma-electronics asetshenziswa ngabathengi, lapho usayizi wawo omncane, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nomklamo olula kuwenza abe ngcono kakhulu:

Amadivayisi aphathekayo: Ama-vibrator motors kuma-smartphone namathebulethi ukuze kutholakale impendulo ye-haptic (isb., izaziso, abalawuli bemidlalo).

Izinto zikagesi zasekhaya: Ama-motor asebenzisa imishini yokugunda izinwele kagesi, imishini yokomisa izinwele, imishini yokuxuba izinwele, kanye nemishini yokuhlanza izinwele.

Imishini yomsindo: Ama-motor ajikayo kanye nama-motor okudlala amakhasethi (kumadivayisi omsindo akudala kanye namanye anamuhla).

Amarobhothi kanye nezindiza

Ama-motor e-DC axutshwe asetshenziswa kabanzi kumarobhothi nasezindiza ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane kanye ne-torque ephezulu yokuqala:

Amarobhothi amancane: Amarobhothi amathoyizi, amarobhothi ezemfundo, namarobhothi athanda ukuzilibazisa adinga ukunyakaza okulula.

Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha

Emishinini yezokwelapha, ama-motor e-DC axutshwe ngebhulashi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukunyakaza okunembile nokuthembekile:

Izihlalo zabakhubazekile: Ukunikeza abantu abakhubazekile ukuhamba, ngokulawulwa kwesivinini okulungiselelwe izidingo zomsebenzisi.

Amaphampu ezokwelapha: Amaphampu okufaka kanye namaphampu e-peristaltic aletha imithi noma uketshezi ngesivinini esilawulwayo.

Imishini yokuxilonga: Ama-motor amancane emishinini ye-ultrasound kanye neziqaphi zomfutho wegazi zokunyakaza kwemishini.

Isiphetho

Ngaphezu komklamo wazo olula kanye ne-torque ephezulu yokuqalisa, ama-motor e-DC axutshwe nge-brush ashibhile futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa, okwenza abe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Kodwa-ke, anemikhawulo ethile, njengokulawula isivinini okulinganiselwe kanye nezidingo zokulungisa eziphakeme ngenxa yokuguguleka kwama-brush kanye nama-commutator.

Naphezu kwale mikhawulo,injini ye-DC ebhulashiweAma-s asasetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezimoto, amarobhothi, kanye nezindiza. Asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana namafasitela kagesi ezimoto, ama-wiper e-windscreen kanye nokulungiswa kwezihlalo zamandla, kanye nezingalo zamarobhothi kanye nama-actuator ezenzakalelayo zezimboni.

Ngamafuphi, ama-motor e-DC axutshwe nge-brush ayisinqumo esiguquguqukayo nesithembekile sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngenxa yomklamo wawo olula, i-torque ephezulu yokuqala, kanye nokulawula isivinini okulula. Nakuba enemikhawulo ethile, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokutholakala kwawo kuwenza abe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zezimboni kanye nabathengi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, i-DC exutshwe nge-brushama-motor ezinhlamvu zemalicishe zizoqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yesimo sezimoto eminyakeni ezayo.