A Brief Primer Introduction To Brushed DC Motors

DC yakuweho brushMoteri ni ubwoko busanzwe bwa moteri ikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi (DC). Zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku bikoresho bito by'ikoranabuhanga kugeza ku mashini nini z'inganda. Muri iyi nkuru ngufi y'ibanze, turareba neza uburyo moteri za DC zikozwe muri brushed zikora, ibice byazo, n'uburyo zikoreshwa.

Imikorere y'ibanze yaMoteri ya haptic ifite umurambararo wa mm 8Ikubiyemo uburyo ingufu za rukuruzi zikorana n'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bikore ingendo. Ibice by'ingenzi bya moteri ya DC irimo stator, rotor, commutator na brushes. Stator ni igice kidahinduka cya moteri kandi kirimo magnets cyangwa electromagnetic coils imbere muri yo, mu gihe rotor ari igice kizenguruka cya moteri kandi kirimo armature. Commutator ni switch izunguruka igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi mu armature, kandi brushes zikorana na commutator kugira ngo zohereze ingufu mu armature.

Iyo umuriro ukoreshejwe kuri moteri, ingufu za rukuruzi zikorwa muri stator. Iyi ngufu za rukuruzi ikorana n'imbaraga za rukuruzi za rotor, bigatuma rotor izenguruka. Iyo rotor izenguruka, commutator na brushes bikorana kugira ngo bihindure buri gihe icyerekezo cy'umuriro unyura mu gice cy'inyuma kugira ngo rotor ikomeze kuzenguruka mu cyerekezo kimwe.

Ihame ry'imikorere

Imikorere ya moteri ya DC ifite brush ishingiye ku ihame ry'ibanze ryo kwinjizwa kwa electromagnetic n'imikoranire hagati y'imbaraga za rukuruzi. Iyo umuriro w'amashanyarazi utanzwe kuri moteri, stator—yaba ifite magneti zihoraho cyangwa coil za electromagnetic—itanga imbaraga za rukuruzi zihamye. Muri icyo gihe, umuriro unyura mu mizunguruko ya armature kuri rotor, ugahindura rotor mo electromagnet. Imbaraga za rukuruzi za stator n'imbaraga za rukuruzi za rotor birakorana, bigatanga imbaraga zizunguruka (Lorentz force) zituma rotor izunguruka.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukomeza kuzenguruka mu cyerekezo kimwe ni ubufatanye hagati ya commutator na brushes. Uko rotator izenguruka, commutator—igice cy’impeta ifatanye n’umugozi wa rotator—izunguruka mu buryo bukurikiranye. Brushes, ubusanzwe zikozwe muri karuboni cyangwa grafiti, zigumana imikoranire ihoraho n’ibice bya commutator. Uko rotator igera ku myanya runaka, commutator ihindura icyerekezo cy’umugezi unyura mu mizunguruko ya armature. Uku guhindura umugezi ku gihe bituma polarity ya sumaku ya rotator ugereranije na stator ikomeza kuba ihamye, bigatuma imbaraga zizenguruka zikomeza kandi ikabuza rotator guhagarara cyangwa gusubira inyuma.

Ibiranga Imikorere

Gukora neza

Ubushobozi bwa moteri za DC zikozwe muri brush butandukana bitewe n'imiterere yazo, ingano, n'imiterere y'imikorere yazo. Moteri nto za DC zikozwe muri brush, nk'izikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ubusanzwe zigira ubushobozi bwo gukora hagati ya 50-70%, mu gihe moteri nini zo mu rwego rw'inganda zishobora gukora neza kugeza kuri 85% cyangwa hejuru. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere birimo brush-commutator friction, umuringa utakaza mu miyoboro ya armature windings, icyuma gitakaza mu miyoboro ya stator na rotor, hamwe n'igihombo cya mekanike (urugero, friction y'amabati). Kwangirika kw'uburoso no kwangirika kwa commutator uko igihe kigenda gihita nabyo bishobora gutuma imikorere igabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Kuramba no Kuramba

Igihe cyo kumara moteri ya DC ikoresha brushed kigenwa ahanini n'uburyo ikoresha brush na commutator. Mu mikorere isanzwe, brushes zishobora kumara amasaha kuva ku bihumbi bike kugeza ku bihumbi icumi, bitewe n'ibintu nk'umuvuduko w'imikorere, umutwaro, ubushyuhe, n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bya brush na commutator. Mu mikoreshereze y'umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ikoresha brush nyinshi, brushes ziragenda ziyongera, bigabanya igihe cyo kumara moteri. Byongeye kandi, uburyaryate hagati ya brushes na commutator butera umukungugu n'ubushyuhe, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya moteri no kuramba kwayo mu gihe idacunzwe neza.

Porogaramu

Nubwo primer ya mbere yagaragazaga zimwe mu ngamba z'ingenzi, moteri za DC zakoreshejwe mu buryo bwa brushed zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'imiterere yazo yihariye.

Ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa n'abaguzi

Moteri za DC zikozwe muri brushed ziboneka cyane mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abantu benshi, aho ingano yazo nto, ihendutse, kandi imiterere yayo yoroshye ituma ziba nziza cyane:

Ibikoresho bitwarwa: Moteri zikoresha vibrator muri telefoni zigendanwa na tableti kugira ngo zisubize amakuru kuri haptic (urugero, imenyesha, ibyuma bigenzura imikino).

Ibikoresho byo mu rugo: Moteri zikoreshwa mu byuma byo kogosha, ibyuma byumisha umusatsi, imashini zivanga, n'imashini zisukura icyuma gikoresha umwuka.

Ibikoresho by'amajwi: Moteri zikoresha ibyuma bihindura amajwi n'ibikoresha kaseti (mu bikoresho bya kera n'ibindi bigezweho by'amajwi).

Robotike n'Ibyerekeye Ikiresi

Moteri za DC zikozwe mu buryo bwa brushed zikoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya roboti n'indege bitewe n'ingano yazo ntoya hamwe n'imbaraga zo gutangira zifite:

Roboti nto: Roboti z'ibikinisho, roboti z'uburezi, na roboti zikunda kwishimisha zikenera kwihuta.

Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi

Mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, moteri za DC zikozwe muri brush zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba kugenda neza kandi byizewe:

Intebe z'abamugaye: Kugira ngo abantu bafite ubumuga bashobore kugenda neza, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko bujyanye n'ibyo umukoresha akeneye.

Pompe zo kwa muganga: Pompe zo guterwamo imiti n'ipompo zitanga imiti cyangwa amazi ku gipimo gigenwe.

Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma indwara: Moteri nto mu mashini zikoresha ultrasound n'ibikoresho bipima umuvuduko w'amaraso kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.

Umwanzuro

Uretse imiterere yazo yoroshye hamwe n’imbaraga zo gutangiza, moteri za DC zikozwe muri brushed zirahendutse kandi zoroshye kuzikoresha, bigatuma ziba amahitamo akunzwe n’abantu benshi. Ariko, zifite imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe, nko kugenzura umuvuduko muke no kwita ku bintu byinshi bitewe n’ubusa n’ubusa.

Nubwo hari izi mbogamizi,moteri ya DC ifite brushs ziracyakoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo iz'imodoka, robots, n'iz'indege. Zikoreshwa mu bikorwa nko mu madirishya y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka, guhanagura ibirahuri by'imodoka no guhindura intebe z'amashanyarazi, ndetse no mu maboko ya robots na actuators mu buryo bwikora mu nganda.

Muri make, moteri za DC zikozwe mu buryo bwa brushed ni amahitamo menshi kandi yizewe ku bikorwa byinshi bitewe n'imiterere yazo yoroshye, imbaraga zo gutangira zifite umuvuduko mwinshi, no kugenzura umuvuduko byoroshye. Nubwo zifite imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe, uburyo zihendutse kandi ziboneka bituma ziba amahitamo akunzwe ku bikorwa bitandukanye by'inganda n'abaguzi. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, DC ikozwe mu buryo bwa brushedmoteri z'ibiceribirashoboka ko bizakomeza kuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'imiterere y'imodoka mu myaka iri imbere.