DC yopukutidwaInjini ndi mtundu wofala wa injini womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi mwachindunji (DC). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira zamagetsi ang'onoang'ono mpaka makina akuluakulu amafakitale. Munkhani yayifupi iyi yoyambira, tiwona momwe ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushed amagwirira ntchito, zigawo zake, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ntchito yoyambira yaMota ya haptic ya mainchesi 8 mmZimaphatikizapo kuyanjana kwa mphamvu ya maginito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kuti zipange kuyenda. Zigawo zazikulu za mota ya DC yopukutidwa ndi brushed zikuphatikizapo stator, rotor, commutator ndi maburashi. Stator ndi gawo lokhazikika la mota ndipo lili ndi maginito kapena ma electromagnetic coils mkati mwake, pomwe rotor ndi gawo lozungulira la mota ndipo lili ndi armature. Commutator ndi switch yozungulira yomwe imalamulira kuyenda kwa mphamvu kupita ku armature, ndipo maburashi amalumikizana ndi commutator kuti asamutse mphamvu kupita ku armature.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mota, mphamvu yamagetsi imapangidwa mu stator. Mphamvu yamagetsi iyi imagwirizana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya rotor, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rotor izizungulira. Rotor ikazungulira, commutator ndi maburashi amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti asinthe mosalekeza njira ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu armature kuti atsimikizire kuti rotor ikupitirira kuzungulira mbali yomweyo.
Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
Kugwira ntchito kwa mota ya DC yopukutidwa ndi brushed kumachokera ku mfundo yofunikira ya electromagnetic induction ndi kuyanjana pakati pa maginito. Pamene magetsi aperekedwa ku mota, stator—kaya yokhala ndi maginito okhazikika kapena ma coils a electromagnetic—imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yokhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kudzera mu armature windings pa rotor, ndikusintha rotor kukhala electromagnet. Mphamvu ya maginito ya stator ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya rotor zimalumikizana, ndikupanga rotational torque (Lorentz force) yomwe imapangitsa rotor kuzungulira.
Mbali yofunika kwambiri yopitirizira kuzungulira kosalekeza mbali imodzi ndi mgwirizano pakati pa commutator ndi maburashi. Pamene rotor ikuzungulira, commutator—gawo logawanika lolumikizidwa ku rotor shaft—limazungulira motsatizana. Maburashi, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi kaboni kapena graphite, amakhalabe ndi kulumikizana kosalekeza ndi magawo a commutator. Pamene rotor ikufika pamalo enaake, commutator imasintha njira ya mphamvu yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu armature windings. Kutembenuka kwa mphamvu panthawiyi kumatsimikizira kuti polarity ya maginito ya rotor poyerekeza ndi stator imakhalabe yofanana, ndikupanga mphamvu yozungulira yosalekeza ndikuletsa rotor kuti isayime kapena kubwerera m'mbuyo.
Makhalidwe Ogwira Ntchito
Kuchita bwino
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushed kumasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo, kukula kwawo, ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ma mota ang'onoang'ono a DC opangidwa ndi brushed, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zogwira ntchito kuyambira 50-70%, pomwe ma mota akuluakulu a mafakitale amatha kugwira ntchito bwino mpaka 85% kapena kupitirira apo. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito bwino ndi monga brush-commutator friction, kutayika kwa mkuwa mu armature windings, kutayika kwa chitsulo mu stator ndi rotor cores, ndi kutayika kwa makina (monga, bearing friction). Kuwonongeka kwa burashi ndi kuwonongeka kwa commutator pakapita nthawi kungayambitsenso kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa mphamvu.
Kukhalitsa ndi Moyo Wamuyaya
Moyo wa mota ya DC yopukutidwa ndi burashi umatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kuvala kwa burashi ndi commutator. Munthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, maburashi amatha kukhala maola angapo mpaka zikwizikwi, kutengera zinthu monga liwiro logwirira ntchito, katundu, kutentha, ndi mtundu wa burashi ndi zipangizo zopukutira. Mu ntchito zothamanga kwambiri kapena zonyamula katundu wambiri, kuvala kwa burashi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimachepetsa moyo wa mota. Kuphatikiza apo, kukangana pakati pa maburashi ndi commutator kumapanga fumbi ndi kutentha, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimba kwa mota ngati sizisamalidwa bwino.
Mapulogalamu
Ngakhale kuti pulayimale yoyambirira inali ndi ntchito zina zofunika, ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushed amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo apadera.
Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Zamagetsi
Ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushed amapezeka kwambiri mu zamagetsi, komwe kukula kwawo kochepa, mtengo wotsika, komanso kapangidwe kosavuta zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri:
Zipangizo zonyamulika: Ma mota a vibrator m'mafoni ndi mapiritsi kuti apereke mayankho a haptic (monga zidziwitso, zowongolera masewera).
Zipangizo zapakhomo: Makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina ometa tsitsi amagetsi, makina owumitsira tsitsi, makina osakaniza, ndi makina otsukira vacuum.
Zipangizo zomvera: Ma mota ozungulira ndi ma mota osewerera makaseti (omwe ali m'zida zakale komanso zamakono zomvera).
Maloboti ndi Zamlengalenga
Ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushed amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu robotics ndi aerospace chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa komanso mphamvu yayikulu yoyambira:
Maloboti ang'onoang'ono: Maloboti oseweretsa, maloboti ophunzitsa, ndi maloboti okonda zinthu zomwe zimafuna kuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Zipangizo Zachipatala
Mu zida zachipatala, ma mota a DC opukutidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kuyenda kolondola komanso kodalirika:
Ma wheelchairs: Kupereka mwayi woyenda kwa anthu olumala, ndi kuwongolera liwiro komwe kumapangidwa kuti kugwirizane ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mapampu azachipatala: Mapampu olowetsera madzi ndi mapampu ozungulira omwe amapereka mankhwala kapena madzi pamlingo wolamulidwa.
Zipangizo zodziwira matenda: Ma mota ang'onoang'ono mu makina a ultrasound ndi zowunikira kuthamanga kwa magazi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi makina.
Mapeto
Kuwonjezera pa kapangidwe kawo kosavuta komanso mphamvu yoyambira kwambiri, ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushed ndi otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale otchuka kwambiri pazinthu zambiri. Komabe, ali ndi zoletsa zina, monga kuwongolera liwiro lochepa komanso zofunikira kwambiri pakukonza chifukwa cha kuvala kwa burashi ndi commutator.
Ngakhale kuti pali zoletsa zimenezi,mota ya DC yopukutidwaZimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo magalimoto, maloboti, ndi ndege. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga mawindo amagetsi a magalimoto, zopukutira magalasi a pawindo la galimoto komanso kusintha mipando yamagetsi, komanso manja a roboti ndi ma actuator mu automation yamafakitale.
Mwachidule, ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushed ndi chisankho chodalirika komanso chosinthika pa ntchito zambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta, mphamvu yoyambira kwambiri, komanso kuwongolera liwiro mosavuta. Ngakhale ali ndi zofooka zina, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zawo komanso kupezeka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale ndi za ogula. Pamene ukadaulo ukupitilira kupita patsogolo, ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi brushedmakina a ndalamaZikuoneka kuti zipitiliza kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Funsani Akatswiri Anu Atsogoleri
Timakuthandizani kupewa mavuto kuti mupereke khalidwe labwino komanso kuyamikira zosowa zanu za injini yaing'ono yopanda maburashi, panthawi yake komanso pa bajeti.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-16-2023
