A Brief Primer Introduction To Brushed DC Motors

DC yakakweshwamota imhando yemota inowanzo shandiswa nesimba remagetsi (DC). Inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumagetsi madiki emagetsi kusvika kumichina mikuru yeindasitiri. Muchinyorwa chino chipfupi chekutanga, tichanyatsoongorora mashandiro anoita mota dzeDC dzakarukwa, zvikamu zvadzo, uye mashandisirwo adzo.

Kushanda kwekutanga kweMota yeHaptic ine dhayamita ye8mminosanganisira kudyidzana kwesimba remagineti nemagetsi kuti zviite kufamba. Zvikamu zvikuru zvemota yeDC yakakweshwa zvinosanganisira stator, rotor, commutator nemabhurashi. Stator chikamu chakagadzika chemota uye chine magineti kana electromagnetic coils mukati mayo, nepo rotor iri chikamu chinotenderera chemota uye chine armature. Commutator iswitch inotenderera inodzora kufamba kwemagetsi kuenda ku armature, uye mabhurashi anobata commutator kuti atumire simba ku armature.

Kana magetsi ashandiswa pamota, simba remagineti rinogadzirwa mu stator. Simba iri remagineti rinoshanda pamwe chete nesimba remagineti re rotor, zvichiita kuti rotor itenderere. Kana rotor ikatenderera, commutator nemabhurashi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvirambe zvichichinja divi remagetsi ari kuyerera nepakati pe armature kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti rotor inoramba ichitenderera nenzira imwe chete.

Nheyo yekushanda

Kushanda kwemota yeDC yakakweshwa kwakavakirwa pamusimboti wekutanga wekushandiswa kwemagetsi uye kudyidzana pakati pesimba remagineti. Kana magetsi emagetsi apihwa kumota, stator—ingave ine magineti anogara kwenguva refu kana magineti emagetsi—inogadzira simba remagineti rakagadzikana. Panguva imwe chete, simba remagetsi rinoyerera nepakati pemawindings engoro parotor, richishandura rotor kuita electromagnet. Simba remagineti re stator nesimba remagineti rerotor zvinodyidzana, zvichigadzira torque inotenderera (Lorentz force) inoita kuti rotor itenderere.

Chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza kutenderera kunoenderera mberi munzira imwe chete ikubatana pakati pecommutator nemabhurashi. Sezvo rotor ichitenderera, commutator—chikamu che split-ring chakabatanidzwa ku rotor shaft—chinotenderera tandem. Mabhurashi, anowanzogadzirwa nekabhoni kana graphite, anoramba achibatana nezvikamu zve commutator. Sezvo rotor ichisvika panzvimbo dzakatarwa, commutator inochinja divi remagetsi ari kuyerera kuburikidza ne armature windings. Kudzoserwa kwemagetsi panguva ino kunoita kuti magnetic polarity ye rotor kana tichienzanisa ne stator irambe yakafanana, ichigadzira simba rinotenderera rinoenderera mberi uye ichidzivirira rotor kuti isamire kana kudzokera shure.

Hunhu hweKushanda

Kushanda zvakanaka

Kushanda zvakanaka kwemamota eDC akakweshwa kunosiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwawo, saizi, uye mamiriro ekushanda. Mamota madiki eDC akakweshwa, akadai seaya anoshandiswa mumagetsi evatengi, anowanzo kuve nekushanda zvakanaka kwe50-70%, nepo mamota makuru emhando yeindasitiri anogona kusvika pa85% kana kupfuura. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka zvinosanganisira kukweshwa kwebrush-commutator, kurasikirwa kwemhangura mumawindings esimbi, kurasikirwa kwesimbi muma stator ne rotor cores, uye kurasikirwa kwemakanika (semuenzaniso, kukweshwa kwebearing). Kupera kwebhurashi uye kuora kwecommutator nekufamba kwenguva zvinogonawo kutungamira kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kwekushanda zvakanaka.

Kugara kwenguva refu uye hupenyu hurefu

Nguva yehupenyu hwemota yeDC yakakweshwa inonyanya kutsamira pakusakara kwebhurashi necommutator. Mumamiriro ekushanda akajairwa, mabhurashi anogona kugara chero kupi zvako kubva pazviuru zvishoma kusvika kumakumi ezviuru zvemaawa, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekumhanya kwekushanda, mutoro, tembiricha, uye mhando yebhurashi nezvinhu zvecommutator. Mukushandiswa kwekumhanya kukuru kana mutoro wakakwira, kusakara kwebhurashi kunokurumidza, zvichideredza hupenyu hwemota. Pamusoro pezvo, kusawirirana pakati pemabhurashi necommutator kunogadzira guruva nekupisa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emota nekugara kwenguva refu kana zvikasatarisirwa zvakanaka.

Mashandisirwo

Kunyange zvazvo primer yekutanga yairatidza mamwe mashandisirwo akakosha, mota dzeDC dzakarukwa dzinoshandiswa muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo hwakasiyana.

Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi

Mota dzeDC dzakarukwa dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana mumagetsi emagetsi, uko saizi yadzo diki, mutengo wakaderera, uye dhizaini iri nyore zvinoita kuti dzive dzakanakira:

Midziyo inotakurika: Mota dzemavibrator mumafoni nemapiritsi ekupa mhinduro yehaptic (semuenzaniso, zviziviso, vanodzora mitambo).

Midziyo yepamba: Mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa magedhi emagetsi, mahair dryer, mablender, uye ma vacuum cleaner.

Midziyo yekuteerera: Mota dzinotenderera uye mota dzinoridza makaseti (dzekare uye dzimwe dzemazuva ano dzekuteerera).

Marobhoti neNdege

Mota dzeDC dzakarukwa dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarobhoti nemundege nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo hudiki uye torque yepamusoro yekutanga:

Marobhoti madiki: Marobhoti ekutamba nawo, marobhoti ekudzidzisa, uye marobhoti anoda kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma.

Zvishandiso Zvekurapa

Mumidziyo yekurapa, mota dzeDC dzakakweshwa dzinoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvinoda kufamba kwakarurama uye kwakavimbika:

Zvigaro zvevane mavhiri: Kupa vanhu vakaremara mukana wekufamba, nekudzora kumhanya kwakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nemushandisi.

Pombi dzekurapa: Pombi dzemushonga dzinoiswa muropa uye pombi dzeperistaltic dzinopa mishonga kana mvura zvine mwero wakatarwa.

Midziyo yekuongorora: Mota diki dziri mumichina ye ultrasound uye mamonita eBP ekufambisa mafambiro emuchina.

Mhedziso

Kuwedzera pakugadzirwa kwavo kuri nyore uye torque yepamusoro yekutanga, mota dzeDC dzakarukwa dzinodhura zvishoma uye dziri nyore kushandisa, zvichiita kuti dzive sarudzo inozivikanwa kune akawanda mashandisirwo. Zvisinei, dzine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, zvakaita sekudzora kumhanya zvishoma uye zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakugadzirisa nekuda kwekusakara kwemabhurashi ne commutator.

Pasinei nemiganhu iyi,mota yeDC yakakweshwaZvichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira mota, marobhoti, uye ndege. Zvinoshandiswa mumabasa akadai semahwindo emagetsi emotokari, mawiper ewindshield uye kugadzirisa zvigaro zvemagetsi, pamwe nemaoko erobhoti nemaactuator mukuita otomatiki kwemaindasitiri.

Muchidimbu, mota dzeDC dzakarukwa isarudzo inoshandisika uye yakavimbika kune akawanda mashandisirwo nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwadzo kuri nyore, torque yekutanga yakakwira, uye kudzora kumhanya kuri nyore. Kunyange zvazvo dziine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, kushanda kwadzo pamutengo wakaderera uye kuwanikwa kwadzo zvinoita kuti dzive sarudzo inozivikanwa kune akasiyana mashandisirwo emaindasitiri nevatengi. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichifambira mberi, DC yakarukwamota dzemarizvingangoramba zvichiri chikamu chakakosha chenzvimbo yemotokari mumakore anotevera.