Ulwazi ngesimiso sokusebenza se-brush motor kanye ne-brushless motor

Isimiso sokusebenza kwenjini yebhulashi

Isakhiwo esiyinhloko seinjini engenamabhulashiiyi-stator + i-rotor + ibhulashi, futhi i-torque itholakala ngokujikeleza insimu yamagnetic ukuze ikhiphe amandla e-kinetic. Ibhulashi lihlala lithintana ne-commutator ukuze liqhube ugesi futhi lishintshe isigaba sokujikeleza.

Injini yebhulashi IFUSA ukushintshashintsha komshini, i-magnetic pole ayinyakazi, ukujikeleza kwe-coil. Uma injini isebenza, i-coil kanye ne-commutator ziyajikeleza, kuyilapho i-magnetic steel kanye ne-carbon brush zingaphenduki. Ukushintshashintsha kwesiqondiso samanje se-coil kwenziwa yi-commutator kanye nebhulashi elijikeleza nenjini.

Kumoto webhulashi, le nqubo iwukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zokufaka amandla zekhoyili, bese zihlelwa ngendandatho, zihlukaniswe ngezinto zokufaka ugesi phakathi komunye nomunye, zakha noma yini efana nesilinda, zibe yinto yonke ephilayo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngeshafu yemoto, ukunikezwa kwamandla ngensika ezimbili ezincane ezenziwe ngekhabhoni (ibhulashi lekhabhoni), ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela kwentwasahlobo, kusukela endaweni eyodwa ethize eqondile, ukucindezela kokufaka kwamandla, amaphuzu amabili ekhoyili eliyindilinga eliyindilinga kuya ku-coil yesethi kagesi.

NjengobainjiniUma ijikeleza, amakhoyili ahlukene noma izingongolo ezahlukene zekhoyili efanayo ziyanikwa amandla ngezikhathi ezahlukene, ukuze kube nomehluko ofanele we-engela phakathi kwe-ns pole yekhoyili ekhiqiza insimu yamagnetic kanye ne-ns pole ye-stator yamagnetic ehlala njalo eseduze. Amasimu amagnetic ayakhangana futhi ayaxoshana, akhiqize amandla futhi asunduze injini ukuthi ijikeleze. I-carbon electrode ishelela ekhanda lentambo njengebhulashi ebusweni bento, yingakho igama elithi "ibhulashi".

Ukushelelana kuzobangela ukungqubuzana nokulahlekelwa amabhulashi ekhabhoni, okudingeka ashintshwe njalo. Ukushintshana phakathi kwebhulashi lekhabhoni kanye nekhanda lentambo yekhoyili kungabangela inhlansi kagesi, ukuphuka kwe-electromagnetic futhi kuphazamise imishini kagesi.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwenjini engenamabhulashi

Kumoto engenamabhulashi, ukushintshashintsha kwenziwa yisekethe yokulawula kusilawuli (ngokuvamile inzwa yehholo + isilawuli, kanti ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kakhulu yi-magnetic encoder).

Imoto engenamabhulashi IYASEBENZISA i-commutator kagesi, ikhoyili ayinyakazi, ipali kamagnetic iyajikeleza. Imoto engenamabhulashi IYASEBENZISA isethi yemishini kagesi ukuzwa indawo yepali kamagnetic kamazibuthe ohlala njalo nge-hall element SS2712. Ngokwalo mqondo, isekethe kagesi isetshenziselwa ukushintsha indlela yamanje kukhoyili ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kazibuthe ngendlela efanele yokushayela imoto. Susa ubuthakathaka bemoto kabrush.

Lezi zisekethe zibizwa ngokuthi izilawuli zezimoto. Isilawuli semoto engenamabhulashi singaphinde sifeze eminye imisebenzi engenakufezwa yimoto engenamabhulashi, njengokulungisa i-Angle yokushintsha amandla, imoto ebhulekayo, ukwenza imoto ibuyele emuva, ukukhiya imoto, nokusebenzisa isignali yebhulashi ukumisa ukunikezwa kwamandla emoto. Manje sekukhiywe i-alamu kagesi yemoto yebhethri, sekusetshenziswe ngokugcwele le misebenzi.

Imoto ye-dc engenamabhulashi iwumkhiqizo ojwayelekile we-mechatronics, owakhiwe ngomzimba wemoto kanye nomshayeli. Njengoba imoto ye-dc engenamabhulashi isebenza ngemodi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ngeke ingeze ukugoqa kokuqala ku-rotor njengemoto ehambisanayo enokulawulwa kwesivinini semvamisa eguquguqukayo kanye nokuqala komthwalo osindayo, futhi ngeke ibangele ukuzulazula nokuphuma lapho umthwalo ushintsha.

Umehluko wemodi yokulawula isivinini phakathi kwemoto yebhulashi kanye nemoto engenamabhulashi

Eqinisweni, ukulawulwa kwezinhlobo ezimbili zemoto kungukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, kodwa ngoba i-dc engenamabhulashi isebenzisa i-commutator kagesi, ngakho-ke ingafinyelelwa ngokulawulwa kwedijithali, futhi i-dc engenamabhulashi idlula i-commutator yebhulashi le-carbon, ukusebenzisa isekethe ye-analog yendabuko elawulwa yi-silicon kungalawulwa, kulula kakhulu.

1. Inqubo yokulawula isivinini semoto yebhulashi ukulungisa i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla kwemoto. Ngemva kokulungiswa, i-voltage kanye nogesi kuguqulwa yi-commutator kanye nebhulashi ukushintsha amandla ensimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa yi-electrode ukuze kufezwe injongo yokushintsha isivinini. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi ukulawulwa kwengcindezi.

2. Inqubo yokulawula isivinini semoto engenamabhulashi iwukuthi i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla kwemoto ayishintshi, isignali yokulawula yokulungiswa kukagesi iyashintshwa, futhi izinga lokushintsha kweshubhu le-MOS elinamandla aphezulu lishintshwa yi-microprocessor ukuze kubonakale ushintsho lwejubane. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwamaza.

Umehluko wokusebenza

1. I-brush motor inesakhiwo esilula, isikhathi eside sokuthuthukiswa kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe

Emuva ngekhulu le-19, lapho injini yazalwa, injini esebenzayo yayiyisimo esingenamabhulashi, okungukuthi i-ac squirrel-cage asynchronous motor, eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwamandla ashintshanayo. Kodwa-ke, imoto engahambisani nebhulashi inezinkinga eziningi ezingenakunqotshwa, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimoto kuhamba kancane. Ikakhulukazi, imoto ye-dc engenamabhulashi ayizange ikwazi ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, iye yafakwa kancane kancane ekusebenzeni kwezentengiselwano kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yamuva nje. Empeleni, isesesigabeni se-ac motor.

Injini engenamabhulashi yazalwa esikhathini esingeside esidlule, abantu basungula i-dc motor engenamabhulashi. Ngenxa yokuthi indlela ye-dc brush motor ilula, kulula ukuyikhiqiza nokuyicubungula, kulula ukuyinakekela, kulula ukuyilawula; i-Dc motor nayo inokusabela okusheshayo, i-torque enkulu yokuqala, futhi inganikeza ukusebenza kwe-torque elinganiselwe kusukela esivinini se-zero kuya esivinini esilinganiselwe, ngakho-ke isetshenziswe kabanzi uma isiphumile.

2. Injini ye-dc engenamabhulashi inesivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo kanye ne-torque enkulu yokuqalisa

Imoto engenamabhulashi ye-Dc inempendulo esheshayo yokuqala, i-torque enkulu yokuqala, ushintsho oluzinzile lwesivinini, cishe akukho kudlidliza okuzwakalayo kusukela ku-zero kuya esivinini esiphezulu, futhi ingashayela umthwalo omkhulu lapho iqala. Imoto engenamabhulashi inokumelana okukhulu kokuqala (ukusabela okukhuthazayo), ngakho-ke amandla ayinto encane, i-torque yokuqala incane, umsindo wokuqala uyaduma, uhambisana nokudlidliza okunamandla, futhi umthwalo wokushayela mncane lapho uqala.

3. Injini ye-dc engenamabhulashi isebenza kahle futhi inomphumela omuhle wokubhuleka

Injini engenamabhulashi ilawulwa ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, ngakho-ke ukuqala nokubhuleka kuzinzile, futhi ukusebenza kwesivinini esingaguquki nakho kuzinzile. Injini engenamabhulashi ivame ukulawulwa ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa yedijithali, okuqale kushintshe i-ac ibe yi-dc, bese kuba yi-dc ibe yi-ac, futhi ilawule isivinini ngokushintsha kwemvamisa. Ngakho-ke, imoto engenamabhulashi ayisebenzi kahle lapho iqala futhi ibhuleka, ngokudlidliza okukhulu, futhi izozinza kuphela uma isivinini singaguquki.

4, ukunemba kokulawula kwe-motor brush ye-dc kuphezulu

Imoto engenamabhulashi ye-Dc ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nebhokisi lokunciphisa kanye ne-decoder ukwenza amandla okukhipha emoto abe makhulu futhi ukunemba kokulawula kuphakame, ukunemba kokulawula kungafinyelela ku-0.01 mm, cishe kungavumela izingxenye ezihambayo zime kunoma iyiphi indawo oyifunayo. Wonke amathuluzi omshini wokunemba anembile ukulawula i-DC motor. Njengoba imoto engenamabhulashi ingazinzile ngesikhathi sokuqala nokubhuleka, izingxenye ezihambayo zizoma ezindaweni ezahlukene isikhathi ngasinye, futhi indawo oyifunayo ingamiswa kuphela ngokubeka iphini noma umkhawulo wesikhundla.

Izindleko zokusebenzisa i-DC brush motor ziphansi, kulula ukuzilungisa

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esilula semoto ye-dc engenamabhulashi, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, abakhiqizi abaningi, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi, njengezimboni, amathuluzi omshini wokucubungula, amathuluzi okunemba, njll., uma injini ihluleka, vele ushintshe ibhulashi lekhabhoni, ibhulashi ngalinye lekhabhoni lidinga amadola ambalwa kuphela, lishibhile kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bemoto engenamabhulashi abuvuthiwe, intengo iphakeme, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa bunqunyelwe, ikakhulukazi kufanele bube semishinini yesivinini esingaguquki, njengokuguqulwa komoya opholile, isiqandisi, njll., umonakalo wemoto engenamabhulashi ungashintshwa kuphela.

6, akukho bhulashi, ukuphazamiseka okuphansi

Ama-motor angenamabhulashi asusa ibhulashi, ushintsho oluqondile kakhulu ukungabikho kwe-spark esebenza nge-motor yebhulashi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwe-spark kagesi emishinini yomsakazo ekude.

7. Umsindo ophansi kanye nokusebenza okubushelelezi

Ngaphandle kwamabhulashi, injini engenamabhulashi izoba nokungqubuzana okuncane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukusebenza okubushelelezi kanye nomsindo ophansi kakhulu, okuwukusekela okuhle kokuzinza kokusebenza kwemodeli.

8. Impilo yesevisi ende kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokulungisa

Uma injini ingasebenzi kahle, ukuguguleka kwayo kungaphakathi kakhulu kwe-bearing, ngokombono womshini, injini engenamabhulashi cishe iyimoto engenakulungiswa, uma kudingeka, vele ulungise uthuli.

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