Chidziwitso cha mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya brush motor ndi brushless motor

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya burashi motor

Kapangidwe kake kamota yopanda burashindi stator + rotor + burashi, ndipo mphamvu yake imapezeka pozungulira mphamvu ya maginito kuti itulutse mphamvu ya kinetic. Burashiyo imalumikizana nthawi zonse ndi commutator kuti ipereke magetsi ndikusintha gawo pozungulira.

Mota ya burashi imagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa makina, ndodo ya maginito siisuntha, kuzungulira kwa coil. Mota ikagwira ntchito, coil ndi commutator zimazungulira, pomwe burashi ya magnetic steel ndi carbon sizimazungulira. Kusintha kosinthana kwa kayendetsedwe ka coil kumachitika ndi commutator ndi burashi yomwe imazungulira ndi mota.

Mu mota ya burashi, njira iyi ndi yophatikiza malekezero awiri a mphamvu yolowera ya coil, kenako, yokonzedwa mu mphete, yolekanitsidwa ndi zinthu zotetezera pakati pa wina ndi mnzake, kupanga chilichonse chonga silinda, kukhala chinthu chachilengedwe mobwerezabwereza ndi shaft ya mota, magetsi kudzera mu chipilala chaching'ono ziwiri zopangidwa ndi kaboni (burashi ya kaboni), pansi pa mphamvu ya kasupe, kuchokera pamalo awiri enieni okhazikika, kupanikizika pa mphamvu yolowera, mfundo ziwiri za coil yozungulira cylindrical mpaka coil ya seti yamagetsi.

MongamotaAkamazungulira, ma coil osiyanasiyana kapena mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya coil imodzi imapatsidwa mphamvu nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti pali kusiyana koyenera kwa ngodya pakati pa ns pole ya coil yopanga maginito ndi ns pole ya stator ya maginito yokhazikika yapafupi. Maginito amakokana wina ndi mnzake ndikuthamangitsana, ndikupanga mphamvu ndikukankhira mota kuti izungulire. Electrode ya kaboni imatsetsereka pamutu wa waya ngati burashi pamwamba pa chinthu, chifukwa chake dzinalo "burashi".

Kutsetsereka kumayambitsa kukangana ndi kutayika kwa maburashi a kaboni, omwe amafunika kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Kusinthana pakati pa burashi ya kaboni ndi mutu wa waya wa coil kungayambitse kunyezimira kwamagetsi, kusweka kwa maginito komanso kusokoneza zida zamagetsi.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya injini yopanda brushless

Mu mota yopanda burashi, kusinthaku kumachitika ndi dera lowongolera mu chowongolera (nthawi zambiri sensor ya hall + controller, ndipo ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi magnetic encoder).

Mota yopanda burashi imagwiritsa ntchito commutator yamagetsi, coil siisuntha, pole yamagetsi imazungulira. Mota yopanda burashi imagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi kuti imve malo a pole yamagetsi ya maginito yokhazikika kudzera mu hall element SS2712. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, dera lamagetsi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira yamagetsi mu coil panthawi yoyenera kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikupanga njira yoyenera kuyendetsa mota. Chotsani zovuta za brush motor.

Ma circuits amenewa amatchedwa ma motor controllers. Wowongolera wa mota wopanda burashi amathanso kugwira ntchito zina zomwe sizingachitike ndi mota wopanda burashi, monga kusintha Angle yosinthira mphamvu, mota woletsa ma braking, kupangitsa mota kubwerera m'mbuyo, kutseka mota, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha ma brake kuti ayimitse magetsi kupita ku mota. Tsopano batire yagalimoto yamagetsi yotseka alamu, ikugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito izi.

Mota ya DC yopanda brush ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mechatronics, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi thupi la mota ndi dalaivala. Popeza mota ya DC yopanda brush imagwira ntchito mu automatic control mode, siidzawonjezera starting winding ku rotor monga mota yogwirizana yokhala ndi variable frequency speed regulation ndi heavy load start, ndipo siidzayambitsa oscillation ndi step out katundu akasintha.

Kusiyana kwa njira yoyendetsera liwiro pakati pa mota ya brush ndi mota yopanda brush

Ndipotu, kuwongolera mitundu iwiri ya injini ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, koma chifukwa brushless dc imagwiritsa ntchito commutator yamagetsi, kotero ikhoza kupezedwa ndi kulamulira kwa digito, ndipo brushless dc kudzera mu commutator ya burashi ya kaboni, kugwiritsa ntchito silicon controlled traditional analog circuit kumatha kulamulidwa, kosavuta.

1. Njira yowongolera liwiro la mota ya brush ndikusintha mphamvu ya magetsi a mota. Pambuyo posintha, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimasinthidwa ndi commutator ndi burashi kuti zisinthe mphamvu ya mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi electrode kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chosintha liwiro. Njirayi imadziwika kuti malamulo oyendetsera kuthamanga kwa magetsi.

2. Njira yowongolera liwiro la mota yopanda burashi ndi yakuti magetsi a magetsi a mota sasintha, chizindikiro chowongolera cha kusintha kwa magetsi chimasinthidwa, ndipo liwiro losinthira la chubu cha MOS champhamvu kwambiri limasinthidwa ndi microprocessor kuti lisinthe liwiro. Njirayi imatchedwa kusintha kwa ma frequency.

Kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito

1. Galimoto ya burashi ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, nthawi yayitali yopangira zinthu komanso ukadaulo wokhwima

Kale m'zaka za m'ma 1800, pamene injiniyo inabadwa, injini yothandiza inali yopanda burashi, yomwe ndi ac squirrel-cage asynchronous motor, yomwe inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pambuyo pa kupanga alternating current. Komabe, injini yopanda burashi ili ndi zolakwika zambiri zosagonjetseka, kotero kuti chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa injini chimachedwa. Makamaka, injini yopanda burashi ya dc yalephera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malonda. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ukadaulo wamagetsi, yakhala ikuyikidwa pang'onopang'ono m'malonda mpaka zaka zaposachedwa. Kwenikweni, ikadali m'gulu la ac motor.

Mota yopanda burashi idabadwa posachedwapa, anthu adapanga mota yopanda burashi ya dc. Chifukwa makina a mota ya burashi ya dc ndi osavuta kupanga ndi kukonza, osavuta kusamalira, osavuta kuwongolera; mota ya Dc ilinso ndi yankho lachangu, torque yayikulu yoyambira, ndipo imatha kupereka magwiridwe antchito a torque kuyambira pa zero speed mpaka rated speed, kotero yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ikatuluka.

2. Mota ya DC yopanda burashi ili ndi liwiro loyankha mwachangu komanso mphamvu yayikulu yoyambira

Mota yopanda burashi ya Dc ili ndi yankho loyambira mwachangu, mphamvu yayikulu yoyambira, kusintha kwa liwiro kokhazikika, kugwedezeka kulikonse komwe kumamveka kuyambira pa zero mpaka liwiro lalikulu, ndipo imatha kuyendetsa katundu wokulirapo ikayamba. Mota yopanda burashi ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yoyambira (inductive reactance), kotero mphamvu yake ndi yaying'ono, mphamvu yoyambira ndi yaying'ono, phokoso loyambira likulirakulira, limodzi ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, ndipo katundu woyendetsa ndi wochepa ikayamba.

3. Mota ya DC yopanda burashi imayenda bwino ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yoyimitsa mabuleki

Mota yopanda burashi imayendetsedwa ndi malamulo a voltage, kotero kuyambika ndi kutseka zimakhala zokhazikika, ndipo liwiro lokhazikika limagwiranso ntchito. Mota yopanda burashi nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa ma frequency a digito, komwe kaye kumasintha ac kukhala dc, kenako dc kukhala ac, ndikuwongolera liwiro kudzera mu kusintha kwa ma frequency. Chifukwa chake, mota yopanda burashi siyenda bwino poyambira ndi kutseka, ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu, ndipo idzakhala yokhazikika pokhapokha ngati liwiro liri lokhazikika.

4, kulondola kwa mota ya burashi ya dc ndikokwera kwambiri

Mota yopanda burashi ya Dc nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi bokosi lochepetsera ndi decoder kuti mphamvu yotulutsa ya mota ikhale yayikulu komanso kulondola kowongolera kukhale kwakukulu, kulondola kowongolera kumatha kufika 0.01 mm, pafupifupi kumatha kulola zida zosuntha kuyima pamalo aliwonse omwe mukufuna. Zida zonse zamakina olondola ndi kulondola kowongolera mota ya dc. Popeza mota yopanda burashi si yokhazikika poyambira ndi kuletsa, zida zosuntha zimayima pamalo osiyanasiyana nthawi iliyonse, ndipo malo omwe mukufuna amatha kuyimitsidwa pokhapokha poyika pini kapena choletsa malo.

5, mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito mota ya burashi ya dc ndi wotsika, kukonza kosavuta

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kosavuta ka mota yopanda brushless dc, mtengo wotsika wopanga, opanga ambiri, ukadaulo wokhwima, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, monga mafakitale, zida zogwiritsira ntchito makina, zida zolondola, ndi zina zotero, ngati injini yalephera, ingosinthani burashi ya kaboni, burashi iliyonse ya kaboni imangofunika madola ochepa, yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ukadaulo wa mota wopanda brush si wokhwima, mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kochepa, makamaka ziyenera kukhala mu zida zothamanga nthawi zonse, monga mpweya wosinthira pafupipafupi, firiji, ndi zina zotero, kuwonongeka kwa mota wopanda brush kungasinthidwe kokha.

6, palibe burashi, kusokoneza kochepa

Ma mota opanda burashi amachotsa burashi, kusintha kwakukulu ndi kusakhalapo kwa burashi ya mota yomwe ikuyenda, motero kuchepetsa kwambiri kusokoneza kwa magetsi ku zida za wailesi zakutali.

7. Phokoso lochepa komanso ntchito yosalala

Popanda maburashi, injini yopanda maburashi idzakhala ndi kukangana kochepa panthawi yogwira ntchito, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso phokoso lochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuti ntchito ya chitsanzo ikhale yokhazikika.

8. Moyo wautali wautumiki komanso mtengo wotsika wokonza

Kuchepetsa burashi, kusowa kwa injini yopanda burashi kumachitika makamaka pa bearing, kuchokera ku makina, injini yopanda burashi ndi mota yopanda kukonza, ngati pakufunika, ingokonzani fumbi.

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